Izindaba

Umshini wokwenza izikhwama ungumshini wokwenza zonke izinhlobo zezikhwama zepulasitiki noma ezinye izikhwama zempahla. Uhla lwayo lokucubungula yizo zonke izinhlobo zepulasitiki noma ezinye izikhwama zempahla ezinobukhulu obuhlukene, ubukhulu kanye nokucaciswa. Ngokuvamile, izikhwama zepulasitiki ziyimikhiqizo eyinhloko.

Umshini wokwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki

1. Ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki

1. Izinhlobo zezikhwama zepulasitiki
(1) Isikhwama sepulasitiki se-polyethylene esiphezulu
(2) Isikhwama sepulasitiki esinengcindezi ephansi ye-polyethylene
(3) Isikhwama sepulasitiki se-Polypropylene
(4) Isikhwama sepulasitiki sePVC

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki

(1) Inhloso yesikhwama sepulasitiki se-polyethylene ephezulu:
A. Ukupakishwa kokudla: amakhekhe, uswidi, izimpahla ezithosiwe, amabhisikidi, impushana yobisi, usawoti, itiye, njll;
B. Ukupakishwa kwe-Fiber: amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, imikhiqizo kakotini yenaliti, imikhiqizo ye-fiber yamakhemikhali;
C. Ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yansuku zonke yamakhemikhali.
(2) Inhloso yesikhwama sepulasitiki se-polyethylene enengcindezi ephansi:
A. Isikhwama sikadoti kanye nesikhwama sokuhlunga;
B. Isikhwama esilula, isikhwama sokuthenga, isikhwama, isikhwama se-vesti;
C. Isikhwama esisha sokugcina;
D. Isikhwama esilukiweyo isikhwama sangaphakathi
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhwama sepulasitiki se-polypropylene: ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukupakisha izindwangu, imikhiqizo kakotini yenaliti, izingubo zokugqoka, amahembe, njll.
(4) Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ze-PVC: A. izikhwama zesipho; B. Izikhwama zemithwalo, imikhiqizo kakotini yenaliti izikhwama zokupakisha, izikhwama zokupakisha izimonyo;

C. (iziphu) isikhwama sedokhumenti nesikhwama sedatha.

2.Ukwakheka kwamapulasitiki

Upulasitiki esivame ukuwusebenzisa awuyona into ehlanzekile. Yenziwe ngezinto eziningi. Phakathi kwazo, i-polymer ephezulu yamangqamuzana (noma i-synthetic resin) iyisakhi esiyinhloko samapulasitiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwamapulasitiki, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izinto ezisizayo ezahlukahlukene, njengama-filler, ama-plasticizers, ama-lubricant, ama-stabilizer nama-colorants, ukuze abe amapulasitiki ngokusebenza kahle.

1. I-resin yokwenziwa
I-synthetic resin iyingxenye eyinhloko yamapulasitiki, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kumapulasitiki ngokuvamile ku-40% ~ 100%. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kanye nemvelo ye-resin ngokuvamile inquma uhlobo lwepulasitiki, abantu bavame ukubheka i-resin njengegama elifanayo lamapulasitiki. Isibonelo, i-PVC resin nepulasitiki ye-PVC, i-phenolic resin ne-phenolic plastic iyadideka. Eqinisweni, i-resin nepulasitiki yimibono emibili ehlukene. I-resin iyi-polymer yasekuqaleni engacutshungulwanga. Ayisetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki kuphela, kodwa futhi isetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokumboza, izinto zokunamathisela kanye nemicu yokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwengxenye encane yamapulasitiki aqukethe i-resin engu-100%, iningi lamapulasitiki lidinga ukwengeza ezinye izinto ngaphezu kwengxenye eyinhloko ye-resin.

2. Isigcwalisi
Ama-Fillers, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-filler, angathuthukisa amandla nokumelana nokushisa kwamapulasitiki futhi anciphise izindleko. Isibonelo, ukungezwa kwempushana yokhuni ku-phenolic resin kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko, kwenze ipulasitiki ye-phenolic ibe yinye yepulasitiki eshibhe kakhulu, futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu amandla emishini. Izigcwalisi zingahlukaniswa zibe izigcwalisi eziphilayo kanye nezigcwalisi ezingaphili, ezokuqala ezifana nempushana yokhuni, amanikiniki, amaphepha nemicu yendwangu ehlukahlukene, kanti lena yokugcina efana ne-glass fiber, diatomite, asbestos, carbon black, njll.

3. Ipulasitiki
Ama-Plasticizer angakhuphula ipulasitiki nokuthambile kwamapulasitiki, anciphise ukonakala futhi enze amapulasitiki kube lula ukucutshungulwa nokulolongwa. Ama-Plasticizers ngokuvamile ayizinhlanganisela eziphezulu ezibilisayo eziphilayo ezixubene ne-resin, engenabuthi, engenaphunga futhi ezinzile ekukhanyeni nasekushiseni. Ama-phthalates asetshenziswa kakhulu. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni amapulasitiki e-PVC, uma ama-plasticizers engeziwe engeziwe, amapulasitiki e-PVC athambile angatholakala. Uma awekho noma ngaphansi ama-plasticizers angeziwe (umthamo <10%), amapulasitiki e-PVC aqinile angatholakala.

4. Isiqinisi
Ukuze uvimbele i-resin yokwenziwa ukuthi ingaboli futhi yonakaliswe ukukhanya nokushisa ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokusetshenziswa, futhi yandise impilo yesevisi, i-stabilizer kufanele yengezwe epulasitiki. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa yi-stearate, epoxy resin, njll.

5. Umbala
Ama-colorants angenza amapulasitiki abe nemibala ehlukahlukene egqamile futhi emihle. Odayi be-organic kanye nezingulube ze-inorganic zivame ukusetshenziswa njengama-colorants.

6. Okokugcoba
Umsebenzi we-lubricant ukuvimbela ipulasitiki ukuthi inganamatheli ekubunjweni kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa, nokwenza ipulasitiki ibushelelezi futhi ibe yinhle. Izithambisi ezivamile zihlanganisa i-stearic acid kanye nosawoti wayo we-calcium magnesium.

Ngaphezu kwezithasiselo ezingenhla, izinqamuli zomlilo, ama-agent akhihliza amagwebu nama-antistatic agents nazo zingangezwa kumapulasitiki ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokufaka isicelo.

Umshini wokwenza isikhwama sezingubo

Isikhwama sezingubo sisho isikhwama esenziwe ngefilimu ye-OPP noma ifilimu ye-PE, PP ne-CPP, esingenayo ifilimu yokunamathisela endaweni yokungena futhi sivalwe nhlangothi zombili.

Inhloso:

Sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupakisha izingubo zasehlobo, njengamahembe, iziketi, amabhulukwe, amabhanzi, amathawula, isinkwa nezikhwama zobucwebe. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwesikhwama lunokunamathela kuso, olungavalwa ngokuqondile ngemva kokulayishwa kumkhiqizo. Emakethe yasekhaya, lolu hlobo lwesikhwama luthandwa kakhulu futhi lusebenza kabanzi. Ngenxa yokungafihli kahle kwayo, iphinde ibe yisinqumo esihle sokupakisha izipho.